Cementing material and process of making same.



dramas rrricuns W. (L'APPON, QF OESHHIJG, NEW 15' Patented cpl-i1 19, 1904.

Familiar arr-ca.

Hi ll liil ii ..d.'.'i"[0frf forming part of Letters lPatcnt N0. 57,883, dated April 19, 190' Application filled December fl, 3308. Serial lilo. 183,480. (R0 spccimcup) Be it known chat I, THOMAS iii", iuwron, a citizen cl thc Unitcd States, residing in Ossining. county of li'cstchcstcr, Statc of New York. have iuvcnacd a ccrt ain ncw and useful in dry powdcrcd form, but forming a hard stone or plast c-r when mixed withwatcr to form a paste anril allowcd to t may be usc'd \viih or without incrli matci ..l or sand, although it is capable of usc with a large pro portion of such material for producing a Very hard and durable substance.

This invention also covcrs the process of manufacture employed in malcingsaid mahorial. p i "Doc object of this invcni-ion is to improve the ordinary methods uscd for prof lacing ready-mix, 1 dry mortars, whilc improving the product.

' c nus cl lilo present invcnnion a elwap ol' limo inlay bc uscd in'malriznr mortar c s? l at; Lhc sa'mc timcdoublo the proportion or sand hit-norm admlssiblc array 0c cmployrd. stronger clllil] the ordinar d1 ynnmtzu-a, {in} proportion oi' ifi'lllCflli-li'fi plasl'cr or calcincd gypsum is rc'ducc l, and the process of manufacture is not rurulcrcd any morc complicatrd or costly than that hitherto crnploycd.

One very common form'oi' comparati'l'cly poor lime found in great abundance produced by calcining dolomite or other magnosian limcstones.

1- havc found tha all the advantages Zl'llOYi'} crmn'rcrctcd arr 1 as folio-as: c iimcz-iionc .d, coo 5hr; whoic i hydrochloric acid or suitable his mixture is sold to be used by chloirid. more mixwrc with water ust boiore applying to the walls. it is prcfcrrcd to cmploy the hydrated caicnicd lirncslonc mstcad of the anhydrous .lfcrln, although the latter may be cmploycd i rhcrc g-grcat care is practiced in usc 'lhc product whhn sci. is

and application of the mortar. In hydrating .thc calcined limestone preparatory to treatment, as above pointed out, it is best to add somewhat less than the theoretical-amount; of watcr necessary for complete slakingmlth'ough my invention covcrsthc use of complejclyhydrated material. I

Where hydrochloric acid is used; as above, tho bind ing material or slaked calcined limcstone may contain as little as from't wclve to fifitccn per cent. of magnesium hydratdandthd proportion of comlncrcial hydrochloric acid; Will then lici'rom five parts up for every bun-:-

drcd parts of he combined calcium and magnesium hydrates. A first-rate result will be 0btaincd wich iwclvc parts slakcdliinc, ig'ht parts of magnesium hydrate, and three parts commercial hydrochloric acid. I m

The proportions of sand, hair, and soon which can be added are various, accordingin the qualities of mortar desired,and I have I found it possiblc to. add as many as six or seven parts, by Weight, of sand, &c., for one part, by wcight, of chc'binding material. Vii-- rious incrl. malzcrials may be used instead of sand, which is not cntircly inert. stance, powilcrcd marblc or other powdcrcd alonc may he nscc.

\Yhcrc my cenicnt is cm1 loycd with ipcrla mapcrial or sand, the calclncd magncsian lime- 75' For 1n-..

slonc mined a little at a time with tho mass of sand and tho hydrochloric acld 1s allowed to run upon the mixture so gradually that in the great preponderance ofdry material it will not cause any perceptible moisture. The commercial aqucous solution of acid of about; onc-third strcngbh will be found suitable for this purpose.

To obtain the best results, the following mcthod will be found advantageous. Instead cl hydrating all the limc; a certain portion, prcl'rfa'ably'smail, is preserved as a quicklimc. 'iijhis portion thcn first mixed with tho total amount of sand, 20., designed for the final mixture. During the process of mechanical mixture the hydrochloric acid or its equiva lent is addcd in a small stream or streams, and w icnall of tho hydrochloric acid or its ecfuivalcnt has been addcd'thc rcrnaindcr of. the calcined material, which is in thc formof hy- "F'Ehe result of this will be to insure, as far as possible, a complete drying of the compound,

and so prevent premature reaction prior to the time of actual use.

Where it is desired to have a mixture that will set rapidly, a small proportion of calcined gypslmlican be added, and I have found that,

say, four parts of such gypsum to twenty-one 19f calcined dolomite makes a very satisfactory mortar which sets in a relatively short time. The proportion of calcined gypsum can be varied according to the rapidity of set desired; but too much should not be used, as

this substance is an element of weakness.

The presence of'the lime in my dry mortar has a double advantage. In the first place, it promotes rapid drying during process of manufacture, as already stated, and, in the second place, the lime absorbs carbonic acidfrom the air after the mortar has been mixed and put in place on the Walls and by its conversion into carbonate aids in the setting of the mortar.

The most important feature of this invention is found in the discovery that the presence of a considerable .quantity of lime with the magnesium oxid or hydrate does not prevent the mixture herein described from possessing all the valuable qualities of a dry mortar, which is reliable for use when mixed with water. The invention covers the application of this discovery to the broadest extent warranted by the language of my claims and in eludes, among other things,mixtures wherein more or less lime has been added to the calcined magnesian limestone. q Instead of using hydrochloric acid, as above stated, magnesium chlorid in solution or powder can be employed, and for this purpose a twenty-five-pcr-cent. aqueous solution would be found most suitable. Ammonium or calcium chlorid would answer under some circumstances and are covered by my claims; but magnesium chlorid is preferred.

Hydrochloricacid may be properlydescribed as a hydrogen chlorid and is therefore one of the chlorids suitable for the purposes above named. I have therefore used the expression suitable chlorid in my claims with the intention that it shall cover hydrochloric acid as well as the other ehlorids above referred to or understood.

Where magnesium chlorid or its virtual equivalent is used, satisfactory results can be produced by use of about four and a half parts of the twenty-live-per-cent. aqueous solution in every twenty-onemarts of calcined material.

I do not limit myself to this proportion, however, and the process will be successful whenever thcrc is a suilicient amount of chlorin, whether in a suitable chlorid or in h ydrocl'iloric acid,to produce the requisite amount of magnesium oxychlorid without any hurtful amount of calcium chlorid being formed. For this I l l l l l l or its equivalent and prevent formation of an excessive amount of calcium chlorid with resulting slow drying.

Nhile this process has reference to utilization of dolomite or other magnesia-bearing calcined limestone, it is to be understood that it is applicable whether such calcined limestone is used alone or mixed with other limes.

While .in the above specification I have alluded to my composition of matter as a dry mortar, it is to be understood that this invention covers the use of said material either for plastering of walls, the cementing of stone, the making of artifical-stone masses, or the manufacture of bricks.

I have determined by experiment that by using a mixture of the calcium and magnesium oxids only partly'hydrated the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or magnesium chlorid can be added to this mixture directly without the use of sand or inert material. While I have found the proportion of thirteen parts of the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to one hundred parts of the hydrates and oxids to give good results, I do not limit myself to this proportion, as it may be greatly varied for production of different grades of material. Ifind that Where the aqueous solution is thus added without the use of inertmaterial or sand the drying-action of the oxids is so great as to prevent the immediate formation of oxychlorids of magnesia to a very considerable extent indeed, sufliciently to produce a practically dry active powder capable when mixed with water to form a' paste setting with great hardness. Astonesomewhatresemblingivory in appearance is produced in this way, and it is tobe understood that this invention is therefore not limited to the composition of matter containing sand or inert material.

It is tp beundcrstood that my bread invention ap ilies'to the use of calcined calcium carbon te mixed with calcined magnesium'carbonate whether or not these carbonates are found already associated in nature in a magncsian limestone- 1 .Myinvention also applies to those cases wherein water is added to the ingredients named for use as a mortar or cement at once.

l/Vhat I claim is g l. The process of forming a cementing material which consists in hydrating to a'considcrable extent a mixture of calcium and magnesium oxids and adding thereto a suitable proportion of a suitablechlorid, whereby an oxychlorid of magnesium is formed", substantially as described.

2. The process of forming a cementing material which consists in calcining magnesian limestone, then hydrating the same to a considerable extent and then adding to the unchanged resultant product a suitable proporwhich consists in adding a suitable proportion of sand or powdered stone to a cementing material formed by adding a suitablechlorid to a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxids' hydrated to a considerable extent; substantially as described.

4. The process of manufacturin cementing material which consists in s 'irinllding a solution of a suitable chlorid upon a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxids hydrated to a considerable extent, While said mixture is in a state of agitation; substantially as described.

5. The process of manufacturing dry mortars which consists in mixing with sand or powdered stone a certain proportion of quicklime containing a magnesium oxid, then adding a proper proportion of aqueous solution of a suitable chlorid and finally completing the mixtureby adding a suitable proportion of hydrated calcium and magnesium oxids by stated to a considerable extent, substantially as described.

. 6. A dry mortar comprising a large proportion of sand or powdered stone, mixed with calcium and magnesium oxids hydrated .to a' considerable extent and a suitable chlorid; substantially as described.

7. The process of making a cement-powder,

which consists in adding a suitable chlorid toa mixture of hydrates of magnesium and calcium with anhydrous oxids of the same bases;

substantially as described.

8. A cementing material consisting of powdered hydrates and oxids of magnesium and calcium mixed with powdered chlorids capable, when dissolved in water of reacting with said magnesium hydrates and oxids to form I described.

THOMAS W. CAPPON. I Witnesses: e

H. S. MAOKAYE, FLORENCE Prox. 

